I suspect some thread pitches are driven by marketing: "The competition's new lathe can cut 96 thread pitches. We need more! Joe, throw another gear on there! But Boss, nobody will ever use those. I don't care, I want more! We'll advertise 128 threads! The North Bend Lathe Company Name will live forever!"
The rest could happen like so: "Well, old Eli never was much for sitting down figuring things out or making drawings, he just sorta cut a thread that looked about right. When the Army wanted a million of his frambulators, they took Eli's prototype to a guy to make drawings and he didn't dare change a thing. Eli always did get a chuckle out of that five-and-three-quarters tpi"