Look in Machinery's Handbook for the specs on "Heavy pattern" nuts and scale it down. Here are the specs for a heavy hex nut to fit a 1" diameter bolt:
Bolt dia 1"
Nut a/f 1 5/8"
Nut height 63/64"
So, near enough as makes no difference, nut thickness = bolt diameter. (That is within the tolerance spec.)
If you want the extra-thick nuts, look up "Hex high" nuts. For a 1" diameter bolt, a hex high nut is 1 5/16" thick and 1.5" a/f.
I guess if you want a heavy pattern hex high nut for a 1" dia. bolt it would be 1 5/8" a/f and 1 5/16" thick.